a. ĐKXĐ: ..

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2\left(2x+5y\right)}-\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}=4\\x+2y+\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(2x+5y\right)}}{3}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2\left(2x+5y\right)}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{6}+\dfrac{ab}{3}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\left(a+b\right)^2=144\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=12\\a+b=-12\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(a;b\right)=\left(8;4\right)\\\left(a;b\right)=\left(-4;-8\right)\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(2x+5y\right)=64\\2\left(x+y\right)=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

Thế pt trên xuống dưới:

\(x^4+6y^4=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^3+3y^3-2xy^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3y-2x^2y^2-xy^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(2x^2-2xy-y^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\\y=-\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)x\\y=\left(-1+\sqrt{3}\right)x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào pt đầu ...

Đề cho hơi xấu, nếu pt đầu là \(x^3+3y^3-2x^2y=1\) thì đẹp hơn nhiều

6. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-4=0\\3x+y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\3x+2=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

7. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x-6y=2\\x-\dfrac{3}{2}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2+6y}{4}\\\dfrac{2+6y}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2+6y}{4}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

8. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{y}{2}=1\\2x+3y=\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(1-\dfrac{y}{2}\right).3\\6\left(1-\dfrac{y}{2}\right)+3y=\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(1-\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\\y=\left(VNghiệm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\) không tồn tại x, y

(Các câu khác tương tự nhé.)

1)

HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}15x-6y=-27\\8x+6y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=5x+9\\23x=-23\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;2\right)\)

2)

HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=4\\2x+4y=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=-6\\x=5-2y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)

3)

HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x+6y=14\\3x+6y=12\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y=4-x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)

4) 

HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+6y=17\\54x-6y=42\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}59x=59\\y=9x-7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)

1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=4\\4x+2y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=4\\7x=14\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

2)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3y=5\\4x+6y=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x+6y=10\\4x=6y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> Hệ có vô số nghiệm.

3)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\10x+4y=28\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\13x=26\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

4)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x+15y=9\\6x-4y=28\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x+15y=9\\19y=19\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-2x-2y-23=0\\x-3y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-2x-2y-23=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(3y+3\right)^2+y^2-2\left(3y+3\right)-2y-23=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9y^2+18y+9+y^2-6y-6-2y-23=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10y^2+10y-20=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2+y-2=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(y+2\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\in\left\{-2;1\right\}\\x=3y+3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-3;-2\right);\left(6;1\right)\right\}\)

a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+6xy-x+3y=0\\4x-9y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9y=4x-6\\3x^2+6xy-x+3y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\\3x^2+6x\cdot\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)-x+3\cdot\left(\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+\dfrac{8}{3}x^2-4x-x+\dfrac{4}{3}x-2=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{17}{3}x^2-\dfrac{11}{3}x-2=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17x^2-11x-6=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(17x+6\right)=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17x+6=0\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}\cdot1-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{9}-\dfrac{2}{3}=-\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{6}{17}\\y=\dfrac{4}{9}\cdot\dfrac{-6}{17}-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{-14}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn coi lại đề, hệ này ko giải được

Pt bên dưới là \(xy\left(y^2+3y+3\right)=4\) thì giải được

Nhận thấy \(x=0\) ko là nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y+3=\dfrac{8}{x^3}\\y^3+3y^2+3y=\dfrac{4}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng vế:

\(y^3+3y^2+5y+3=\dfrac{8}{x^3}+\dfrac{4}{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+1\right)^3+2\left(y+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^3+2\left(\dfrac{2}{x}\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}=a\\y+1=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3+2a-2b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y+1=\dfrac{2}{x}\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{x^3}=\left(y+1\right)^3\)

Thế vào pt đầu:

\(2y+3=\left(y+1\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^3+3y^2+y-2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(y+2\right)\left(y^2+y-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow..\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+3y^2+x=3\left(1\right)\\x^2+xy-2y^2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y^2\right)+y\left(x-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-2y\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) Với x=y, thay vào pt (1) ta có: \(4x^2+x-3=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=y=-1;x=y=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

+) Với \(x=-2y\), thay vào pt(1) ta có: \(y^2-2y-3=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\Rightarrow x=2\\y=3\Rightarrow x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy hpt có 4 nghiệm: \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-1\right),\left(\dfrac{3}{4};\dfrac{3}{4}\right),\left(2;-1\right),\left(-6;3\right)\right\}\)

2b. ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge-5\) (*)

Ta có \(\sqrt{x+5}=x^2-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-20-4\sqrt{x+5}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1-4.\left(x+5\right)-4\sqrt{x+5}-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2\sqrt{x+5}+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1+\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x+5}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-\sqrt{x+5}\left(1\right)\\x=\sqrt{x+5}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải (1) có (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=x+5\)  ;  ĐK: \(\left(x\le-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-4=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{17}}{2}\) 

Kết hợp (*) và ĐK được \(x=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{17}}{2}\) là nghiệm phương trình gốc

Giải (2) có (2) <=> \(x^2-x-5=0\) ; ĐK : \(x\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{21}}{2}\)

Kết hợp (*) và ĐK được \(x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\) là nghiệm phương trình gốc

Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{17}}{2};\dfrac{1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\right\}\)

2c. ĐKXĐ \(x\ge1\) (*)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a;\sqrt[3]{2-x}=b\left(a\ge0\right)\) (1) 

Ta có \(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt[3]{2-x}=5\Leftrightarrow a-b=5\)

Từ (1) có \(a^2+b^3=1\) (2)

Thế a = b + 5 vào (2) ta được 

\(b^3+\left(b+5\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow b^3+b^2+10b+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^3+8+b^2+10b+16=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+2\right).\left(b^2-b+12\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b=-2\) (Vì \(b^2-b+12=\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{47}{4}>0\forall b\)

Với b = -2 \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{2-x}=-2\Leftrightarrow x=10\) (tm) 

Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{10\right\}\)